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8 Interactions found for:

tizanidine and Norco
Interactions Summary
  • 5 Major
  • 0 Moderate
  • 3 Minor
  • tizanidine
  • Norco

Drug Interactions

Major
Norco + Tizanidine

The following applies to the ingredients: Hydrocodone (found in Norco) and Tizanidine

Using narcotic pain or cough medications together with other medications that also cause central nervous system depression can lead to serious side effects including profound sedation, respiratory distress, coma, and even death. Talk to your doctor if you have any questions or concerns. Your doctor may be able to prescribe alternatives that do not interact, or you may need a dose adjustment or more frequent monitoring to safely use both medications. Do not drink alcohol or self-medicate with these medications without your doctor's approval, and do not exceed the doses or frequency and duration of use prescribed by your doctor. Also, because these medications may cause dizziness, drowsiness, difficulty concentrating, and impairment in judgment, reaction speed and motor coordination, you should avoid driving or operating hazardous machinery until you know how they affect you. It is important to tell your doctor about all other medications you use, including vitamins and herbs. Do not stop using any medications without first talking to your doctor.

Drug and Food Interactions

Major
Norco + Food

The following applies to the ingredients: Hydrocodone (found in Norco)

Do not use alcohol or medications that contain alcohol while you are receiving treatment with HYDROcodone. This may increase nervous system side effects such as drowsiness, dizziness, lightheadedness, difficulty concentrating, and impairment in thinking and judgment. In severe cases, low blood pressure, respiratory distress, fainting, coma, or even death may occur. If you are taking certain long-acting formulations of hydrocodone, consumption of alcohol may also cause rapid release of the drug, resulting in high blood levels that may be potentially lethal. Likewise, you should avoid consuming grapefruit and grapefruit juice, as this may increase the blood levels and effects of hydrocodone. Talk to your doctor or pharmacist if you have questions on how to take this or other medications you are prescribed. Do not use more than the recommended dose of HYDROcodone, and avoid activities requiring mental alertness such as driving or operating hazardous machinery until you know how the medication affects you. It is important to tell your doctor about all other medications you use, including vitamins and herbs. Do not stop using any medication without first talking to your doctor.

The following applies to the ingredients: Acetaminophen (found in Norco)

Ask your doctor before using acetaminophen together with ethanol. This can cause serious side effects that affect your liver. Call your doctor immediately if you experience a fever, chills, joint pain or swelling, excessive tiredness or weakness, unusual bleeding or bruising, skin rash or itching, loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting, or yellowing of the skin or the whites of your eyes. If your doctor does prescribe these medications together, you may need a dose adjustment or special tests to safely take both medications. It is important to tell your doctor about all other medications you use, including vitamins and herbs. Do not stop using any medications without first talking to your doctor.

Drug and Pregnancy Interactions

The following applies to the ingredients: Hydrocodone (found in Norco)

Professional Content

Benefit should outweigh risk

US FDA pregnancy category: Not assigned

Risk Summary: Based on animal data, may cause fetal harm; prolonged maternal use of opioids during pregnancy may cause neonatal opioid withdrawal syndrome.

Comments:
-Women should be advised of the risk of neonatal abstinence syndrome and ensure that appropriate treatment will be available.
-Long-acting opioids should not be used during and immediately prior to labor, when short acting analgesics or other analgesic techniques are more appropriate.

Rats administered this drug during gestation and lactation showed increases in stillborn pups and decreases in pup survival at doses equivalent to the human dose of 100 mg/day. Reduced nursing behavior and decreased body weights were observed at 2 times the human dose. Reduced fetal weights were observed in rabbits given this drug during the period of organogenesis at doses equivalent to 5 times the human dose of 100 mg/day. Additionally, increases in the number of umbilical hernias, irregularly shaped bones, and delays in fetal skeletal maturation were observed in the study at doses 15 times the human dose of 100 mg/day. No fetal malformations were observed in rats and rabbits at doses approximately 2 (rats) and 10 (rabbits) times a human dose of 100 mg/day. Prolonged use of opioid analgesics during pregnancy for medical or nonmedical purposes may cause neonatal opioid withdrawal syndrome. There are no controlled data in human pregnancy.

Chronic opioid use may cause reduced fertility in males and females; it is unknown whether these effects on fertility are reversible.

US FDA pregnancy category Not Assigned: The US FDA has amended the pregnancy labeling rule for prescription drug products to require labeling that includes a summary of risk, a discussion of the data supporting that summary, and relevant information to help health care providers make prescribing decisions and counsel women about the use of drugs during pregnancy. Pregnancy categories A, B, C, D, and X are being phased out.

References

  1. "Product Information. Zohydro ER (hydrocodone)." Zogenix, Inc (2013):
  2. "Product Information. Hysingla ER (hydrocodone)." Purdue Pharma LP (2014):

The following applies to the ingredients: Acetaminophen-Hydrocodone (found in Norco)

Professional Content

Benefit should outweigh risk

US FDA pregnancy category: C

Comments:
-Prolonged use of opioids during pregnancy can result in physical dependence in the neonate; women should be advised of the risk of neonatal abstinence syndrome and ensure that appropriate treatment will be available.
-Monitor neonates exposed to opioid analgesics for signs of excess sedation and respiratory depression.

Opioid analgesics cross the placenta. Hydrocodone use during labor may cause respiratory depression in the newborn infant. Prolonged use of opioids during pregnancy can result in physical dependence in the neonate and neonatal opioid withdrawal syndrome shortly after birth. The onset, duration, and severity of the condition will vary based on maternal use (duration of use, timing, and amount of last use) and rate of elimination in the newborn. Acetaminophen has not been associated with major congenital malformations, although animal studies have identified adverse effects at clinically relevant doses. Epidemiologic data do not clearly report an association with oral acetaminophen and major birth defects, miscarriage, or adverse maternal or fetal outcomes when this drug is used during pregnancy, but due to methodological limitations cannot definitively establish the absence of any risk. In pregnant rats receiving oral drug at doses up to 0.88 times maximum human daily dose (MHDD) during organogenesis, fetotoxicity (reduced fetal weight and length) and dose-related increases in bone variations (reduced ossification and rudimentary rib changes) were observed. Areas of necrosis in both the liver and kidney of pregnant rats and fetuses were observed when pregnant rats were given oral drug throughout gestation at doses 1.2 times the maximum human daily dose. There are no controlled data in human pregnancy.

Chronic use of opioids may cause reduced fertility; it is unknown whether these effects are reversible.

FDA pregnancy category C: Animal reproduction studies have shown an adverse effect on the fetus and there are no adequate and well-controlled studies in humans, but potential benefits may warrant use of the drug in pregnant women despite potential risks.

References

  1. "Product Information. Norco (acetaminophen-hydrocodone)." Allergan Inc (2017):
  2. "Product Information. Lortab (acetaminophen-hydrocodone)." Akorn Inc (2017):
  3. "Product Information. Acetaminophen-Hydrocodone Bitartrate (acetaminophen-hydrocodone)." Mikart Inc (2017):

The following applies to the ingredients: Acetaminophen (found in Norco)

Professional Content

Benefit should outweigh risk

AU TGA pregnancy category: A
US FDA pregnancy category: Not Assigned

Risk Summary: A clear association of drug use and birth defects, miscarriage, or adverse maternal or fetal outcomes has not been shown with human use; animal studies have demonstrated adverse events at clinically relevant doses.

In pregnant rats receiving oral drug at doses up to 0.85 times maximum human daily dose (MHDD) during organogenesis, fetotoxicity and dose-related increases in bone variations (reduced ossification and rudimentary rib changes) were observed. Areas of necrosis in both the liver and kidney of pregnant rats and fetuses were observed when pregnant rats were given oral drug throughout gestation at doses 1.2 times the maximum human daily dose. Animal studies using the IV formulation have not been performed. In humans, this drug and its metabolites cross the placental barrier. Large cohort studies have not found an association between maternal use in the first trimester and either adverse pregnancy outcomes or congenital malformations. Some evidence of increased risk of neurodevelopmental disorders (e.g., attention deficit hyperactivity disorder [ADHD]), respiratory illness (e.g., asthma) and reproductive toxicity (e.g., androgen disruption) has been suggested in epidemiologic studies. However, extrapolating causation from pharmaco-epidemiological studies to humans is tricky considering various confounders and biases inherent in the study design. Associations seen in clinical cohort studies need clarification with randomized clinical trials (RCTs), which would be difficult to perform ethically in pregnant populations. The mechanism by which this drug or its metabolites affect neurological development, asthma, or endocrine/reproductive toxicity is poorly understood. It is important to factor in the risk of untreated febrile illness in mother and child when evaluating risks and benefits of using this drug. There are no controlled data in human pregnancy.

Epidemiologic data, including a population based case-control study from the National Birth Defects Prevention Study (n= 11,610) and data from 26,424 live singleton births have shown no increased risk of major birth defects in children with first trimester prenatal exposure. In 2015, the US Food and Drug Administration released results of their evaluation on published research studies looking at mothers who took this drug as either an over the counter or prescription product at any time during their pregnancy and the risk of attention deficit hyperactivity (ADHD) in their babies. They found all studies reviewed had potential limitations in their designs that prevented drawing reliable conclusions. In a prospective birth cohort study (Avon Longitudinal Study or Parents and Children [ALSPAC]) maternal drug exposure was assessed by questionnaire at 18 and 32 weeks, children were assessed at 61 months. Mothers were questioned about behavioral problems in their children at 7 years old; children's behavioral problems were assessed using the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ). A number of confounders were evaluated although a limitation of the study was lack of information for drug use. The authors suggest there may be an association between drug use during pregnancy and behavioral problems in childhood that may be due to an intrauterine mechanism. Further studies are needed to test alternatives to a causal explanation.

According to published animal studies, this drug may cause reduced fertility in both males and females described as decreased testicular weights, reduced spermatogenesis, reduced fertility; and reduced implantation sites, respectively.

AU TGA pregnancy category A: Drugs which have been taken by a large number of pregnant women and women of childbearing age without any proven increase in the frequency of malformations or other direct or indirect harmful effects on the fetus having been observed.

US FDA pregnancy category Not Assigned: The US FDA has amended the pregnancy labeling rule for prescription drug products to require labeling that includes a summary of risk, a discussion of the data supporting that summary, and relevant information to help health care providers make prescribing decisions and counsel women about the use of drugs during pregnancy. Pregnancy categories A, B, C, D, and X are being phased out.

References

  1. Cerner Multum, Inc. "Australian Product Information." O 0
  2. U.S. Food and Drug Administration U.S. Food and Drug Administration U.S. Food and Drug Administration U.S. Food and Drug Administration "FDA Drug Safety Communication: FDA has reviewed possible risks of pain medicine use during pregnancy http://www.fda.gov/Drugs/DrugSafety/ucm429117.htm" (2015):
  3. "Product Information. Ofirmev (acetaminophen)." Cadence Pharmaceuticals Inc (2016):
  4. Stergaikoulie E, Thapar A, Davey Smith G "Association of acetaminophen use during pregnancy with behavioral problems in childhood: evidence against confounding." JAMA Pediatr 170 (2016): 964-70
  5. McCrae JC, Morrison EE, MacIntyre IM, Dear JW, Webb DJ "Long-term adverse effects of paracetamol - a review." Br J Clin Pharmacol 84 (2018): 2218-2230

The following applies to the ingredients: Tizanidine

Professional Content

Benefit should outweigh risk

US FDA pregnancy category: C

Teratogenicity was not shown in animal studies in rats and rabbits. At doses up to 8 times the maximum recommended human dose, increased gestation duration was observed in rats. Pre and prenatal and postnatal pup loss and developmental retardation occurred in rats and rabbits and post-implantation loss was increased in rabbits at doses of 1 mg/kg or more. There are no controlled studies in pregnant women.

US FDA pregnancy category C: Animal reproduction studies have shown an adverse effect on the fetus and there are no adequate and well-controlled studies in humans, but potential benefits may warrant use of the drug in pregnant women despite potential risks.

References

  1. "Product Information. Zanaflex (tizanidine)." Acorda Therapeutics PROD (2001):

Drug and Breastfeeding Interactions

The following applies to the ingredients: Hydrocodone (found in Norco)

Professional Content

Use is not recommended and a decision should be made to discontinue breastfeeding or discontinue the drug, taking into account the importance of the drug to the mother.

Excreted into human milk: Yes

Comments: Infants exposed to this drug through breast milk should be closely monitored for excess sedation and respiratory depression; withdrawal symptoms can occur when maternal administration of hydrocodone is stopped or breastfeeding is stopped.

Maternal use of oral narcotics during breastfeeding can cause infant drowsiness, central nervous system depression, and even death. Newborns are particularly sensitive. Once a mother's milk comes in, it is best to provide pain control with a nonnarcotic analgesic. There are no studies describing drug levels of extended-release hydrocodone or its metabolites in breast milk. Hydrocodone is metabolized to 6 active metabolites including hydromorphone.

References

  1. United States National Library of Medicine "Toxnet. Toxicology Data Network. http://toxnet.nlm.nih.gov/cgi-bin/sis/htmlgen?LACT" (2013):
  2. "Product Information. Zohydro ER (hydrocodone)." Zogenix, Inc (2013):
  3. "Product Information. Hysingla ER (hydrocodone)." Purdue Pharma LP (2014):

The following applies to the ingredients: Acetaminophen-Hydrocodone (found in Norco)

Professional Content

A decision should be made to discontinue breast-feeding or discontinue this drug, considering the importance of the drug to the mother

Excreted into human milk: Yes (acetaminophen) Yes (hydrocodone)

Comments:
-Breastfed infants should be monitored for excess sedation and respiratory depression; immediate medical attention should be sought if infant develops breathing difficulties or limpness.
-Withdrawal symptoms can occur in breastfed infants when maternal drug use or breastfeeding are stopped.

Breastfed infants of mothers who receive opioids, especially newborns, can experience drowsiness and CNS depression, even death. A study in 30 breastfeeding women found mean and median hydrocodone infant daily doses of 3.9 and 2.1 mcg/kg, respectively, which calculates to 2.4% and 1.6% of weight-adjusted maternal doses. Hydrocodone is metabolized to 6 active metabolites including hydromorphone. Mean and median hydromorphone daily doses of 2.1 and 0.3 mcg/kg, respectively, were found. Of interest was that 2 women excreted much more hydromorphone than others which might represent ultrarapid CYP450 2D6 metabolizers.

References

  1. United States National Library of Medicine "Toxnet. Toxicology Data Network. http://toxnet.nlm.nih.gov/cgi-bin/sis/htmlgen?LACT" (2013):
  2. "Product Information. Norco (acetaminophen-hydrocodone)." Allergan Inc (2017):
  3. "Product Information. Lortab (acetaminophen-hydrocodone)." Akorn Inc (2017):
  4. "Product Information. Acetaminophen-Hydrocodone Bitartrate (acetaminophen-hydrocodone)." Mikart Inc (2017):

The following applies to the ingredients: Tizanidine

Professional Content

Safety has not been established

Excreted into human milk: Unknown
Excreted into animal milk: Yes

Comments: If used, monitor infant for toxicity such as sedation, hypotension, and hallucinations.

As a lipid soluble drug, it might be expected to pass into breast milk.

References

  1. "Product Information. Zanaflex (tizanidine)." Acorda Therapeutics PROD (2001):
  2. Cerner Multum, Inc. "UK Summary of Product Characteristics." O 0

The following applies to the ingredients: Acetaminophen (found in Norco)

Professional Content

Caution is recommended.

Excreted into human milk: Yes

Comments;
-This drug has been used without apparent harmful effects.
-This drug is considered compatible with breastfeeding by the American Academy of Pediatrics.

This drug is excreted into breast milk in very small amounts. Published reports reveal peak levels occur 1 to 2 hours after dosing and are undetectable after 12 hours. Reports have also shown infants ingesting 90 mL of breast milk every 3 hours would receive an average of 0.14% (range 0.04% to 0.23%) of the mother's dose; calculated to be a maximum maternal weight-adjusted dose of around 2%. Other studies have shown similar calculated maximal maternal weight adjusted doses (1.1% to 3.6%); these doses are about 0.5% of the lowest recommended infant dose of this drug. A single case of a maculopapular rash has been reported in a 2-month old nursing infant; the rash recurred on rechallenge.

References

  1. Committee on Drugs, 1992 to 1993 "The transfer of drugs and other chemicals into human milk." Pediatrics 93 (1994): 137-50
  2. Cerner Multum, Inc. "Australian Product Information." O 0
  3. United States National Library of Medicine "Toxnet. Toxicology Data Network. http://toxnet.nlm.nih.gov/cgi-bin/sis/htmlgen?LACT" (2013):
  4. "Product Information. Ofirmev (acetaminophen)." Cadence Pharmaceuticals Inc (2016):

Therapeutic Duplication Warnings

No warnings were found for your selected drugs.

Therapeutic duplication warnings are only returned when drugs within the same group exceed the recommended therapeutic duplication maximum.

Switch to: Professional Interactions

Drug Interaction Classification

These classifications are only a guideline. The relevance of a particular drug interaction to a specific individual is difficult to determine. Always consult your healthcare provider before starting or stopping any medication.

Major Highly clinically significant. Avoid combinations; the risk of the interaction outweighs the benefit.
Moderate Moderately clinically significant. Usually avoid combinations; use it only under special circumstances.
Minor Minimally clinically significant. Minimize risk; assess risk and consider an alternative drug, take steps to circumvent the interaction risk and/or institute a monitoring plan.
Unknown No interaction information available.

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